Edited by K.I.Eremin, V.D.Raizer, V.I Telichenko
The largest, public and industrial buildings stated the one of important humanitarian problem that is the safety protection of human life. The paper deals in particular with this problem.
Considering different approaches and methods the authors of this book submit the safety analysis of building structures in course of operation.
Authors are considering wide number of modern engineering problems, including survey, analysis and concept of structural failure, real bearing capacity of structures, methods and systems increasing structural safety.
СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВО О РЕГИСТРАЦИИ
Preface
Assessing the safety of an existing structure may however differ very much that for a structure at the design stage. The existing buildings and structures are subject to deterioration and damage, they are likely to be periodically inspected and repaired or strengthened if necessary. Consequently, regarding the state of information the situation in assessing the existing buildings and structures is completely different from that during design. Moreover, special attention had to be paid to specific parts of the existing buildings, especially to those that are at high risk of damage according to observations of the building in service. On the other hand, the interpretation and analysis of additional information may not be simple. The assessment of actual safety of the existing buildings and structures will includes some actions discussed in this book.
This book contains the papers written by the specialists from research organizations, universities and regulatory agencies including Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. The authors were focused on applying the necessary in-situ data, experimental data and some necessary analytical rigor to the engineering context. In the book presented new development as well as state-of –the –art applications of safety principles to all kind of buildings-residential, public, industrial. Moreover-in view of the growing concern for product liability – safety, reliability performance and quality assurance aspects of major structural schemes of buildings are covered.
There are two ways to evaluate the safety of existing buildings: the theoretical approach and the empirical approach. The theoretical approach uses a rigorous mathematical theory generally known as reliability theory. However, the theory cannot be truly effective because the failure mechanism of most buildings is too complex from the theory to model, and the method requires supporting statistical data which often do not exist. The empirical approach, on the other hand, provides failure estimates based on empirical data. There are average estimates, applicable to large groups of near identical buildings. The empirical method cannot take into consideration specific features of a building which may distinguish the building from others of its class.
In this book, an approach to structural safety which may serve as a bridge between the theoretical and empirical approaches is exploded.
Results of the presented researches will definitely affect the future design practice.
Table of Contents
Preface
Part I. Survey, Analysis and Concept of Structural Failure
Ch. 1 Analysis of Causes and Consequences of Accidental Situations
Sec.1.1. General Comments
Sec.1.2. Classification of Accidents
Sec.1.3. Accidents Associated with Collapse of Covering
Sec.1.4. Reliability Analysis of Coatings with Bearing Steel Structures
Sec.1.5. Risk Analysis of Accidents in Bearing Coatings
Sec.1.6. Ensuring of Safe Operation in Civil Buildings
Sec.1.7. Overview of Accidents in Civil Buildings
Sec.1.8. Damage of Bearing Structures in Civil Buildings
Sec.1.9. Analysis of Accidents at Metallurgy Factories
Ch. 2. Resistance of Buildings in Case of Accidental Actions Including Fire
Sec.2.1. General Comments
Sec.2.2. The Fire on Ostankino TV Tower on August, 2000
Sec.2.3. Engineering Aspects of 0.9, 11(WTC, New York)
Sec.2.4. Engineering Aspects of 09.11. (Building of Pentagon)
Sec.2.5. New Threats to Objects of Construction Complex, Associated with Combination of Accidental Actions with the Participation of Fire
Sec.2.6. Standardizing Procedure of Structural Protection from the Progressive Collapse
Sec.2.7. Protection of Structures from Progressive Collapse (First approach)
Sec.2.8. Protection of Structures from Progressive Collapse (Second Approach)
Sec.2.9. Analysis of Different Approaches to Protection of Objects from Progressive Collapse
Sec.2.10. Theory of the Fire Resistance of Building Structures
Sec.2.11. Resistance of Buildings Structures due to Combination of Accidental Actions (CHE) with the Participation of Fire
Ch. 3. Natural Disasters and Structural Robustness
Sec.3.1.Disaster Prediction Problems
Sec.3.2. Statistical Evaluation of Natural Disasters
Sec.3.3. Safety Criteria of Unique Structures
Sec.3.4. Robustness of Structural Systems
Ch. 4. Dynamic Actions Generating Structural Failure
Sec.4.1. General Comments
Sec.4.2. Classification of Dynamic Loads
References
Part II. Real Bearing Capacity of Structures
Ch. 5. Buildings and Structures as Complex Natural and Man-made System
Sec.5.1. General Comments
Sec.5.2. Accident Scenarios
Sec.5.3. Problems Arising in the Development of Accident Scenarios
Sec.5.4. Development of Visual and Measuring Control Technologies
Sec.5.5. Hazard of Dangerous Natural Processes
Sec.5.6. Study of Paleotopography
Sec.5.7. Anaerobic processes
Ch. 6. How to Make Safe the Major Repair
Sec.6.1. General Comments
Sec.6.2. Typical Errors that Occur in the Working Design
Sec.6.3. Typical Errors and Recommendations on their Elimination
Sec.6.4. Energy-Saving as an Important Component of the Major Repair
Sec.6.5. Façade Systems Requirements
Ch. 7. Buildings Structures in Complex Conditions of Operation
Sec.7.1. General Comments
Sec.7.2. Deformation Model
Sec.7.3. Structural Diagram and Dynamic Actions
Sec.7.4. Analysis of the Dynamic Responses of Structures
Ch. 8. Study of the Regularities of Structural Physical Wear due to the Buildings of Thermal Power Factories
Sec.8.1. General Comments
Sec.8.2. Analysis of Structural Decisions
Sec.8.3. Analysis of Defects and Damage of Bearing Building Structures
Sec.8.4. Reasons of Occurrence of Defects and Damage
Sec.8.5. Study of Structural Wear of Working Platforms
Ch. 9. Reliability of Corroding Structures
Sec.9.1. Models of Corrosion Wear
Sec.9.2. Uniformly Distributed Corrosion Wear
Sec.9.3. Irregular Distribution of Corrosion Wear
Sec.9.4. Calibration of Partial Factor
References
Part III. Analysis of Structural Safety and Reliability
Ch. 10. Methods of Estimation of Residual Buildings Life
Sec 10.1. Definition of a Residual Resource
Sec.10.2. Application of Probabilistic Methods
Sec.10.3. General Methodical Principals
Ch. 11. Problems of Codified Reliability Methods, Rules of Operation, Survey and Prediction of Service Life for Structures
Sec.11.1. Historical Notes
Sec.11.2. Recommended Methods of Calibration of Safety Factors
Sec.11.3. Service Life and Durability of Buildings
Sec. 11.4. General and Inter-Repair Service Life of Buildings and Structures
Ch. 12. Operational Reliability of Spatial Hanging Roof
Sec.12.1. General Comments
Sec.12.2. Analysis of the Hanging Structures beyond Elastic Limit
Sec.12.3. Probabilistic Analysis of Hanging Structures
Sec.12.4. Study of the Reliability of the Hanging Structures
Ch. 13. Creation of Operational Reliability of Buildings as Complex Systems
Sec.13.1. Some Concepts from the Theory of Reliability
Sec.13.2. Approach to the Creation of Operational Reliability and Safety
Sec.13.3. Methods of the Technical Diagnostic and Non-Destructive control
Sec.13.4. Analysis of the Problems of Classification
Ch.14. Safety Provision of the Panel Buildings at the Stage of their Construction
Sec.14.1. Methods of Ensuring Structural Safety
Sec.14.2. Risk of Destruction of Prefabricated Buildings
Sec.14.3. Structural Diagram of the Reliability for Panel Buildings
Ch. 15. Evaluations of Existing Structures
Sec.15.1. Principles of Assessment
Sec.15.2. Reliability Assessment
Sec.15.3. Decision Criteria
References